Sir Gawain and the Green Knight :: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

Passage Analysis of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight In this passage, we find ourselves in King Arthur's court during a Christmas feast. A Green Knight has just proposed a challenge before the court, a game in which a blow for a blow shall be given. Seeing that no one is willing to accept this challenge, King Arthur himself steps up to the Green Knight, ready to defend his honor. Sir Gawain, being a noble knight, asks the court if he can replace King Arthur in the game. His wish is granted. The passage begins as King Arthur calls Sir Gawain to his side to give him his weapon and blessing. As Gawain kneels before his lord, King Arthur says: "Keep, cousin what you cut with this day, and if you rule it aright, then readily, I know, you shall stand the stroke it will strike after." (Norton p. 210) With these words King Arthur implies that since Sir Gawain has the first hit, he has nothing to worry about, since the Green Knight will be dead and unable to return the blow. The Green Knight asks Gawain to go over the terms of the game and asks to know his name. Gawain replies: "In good faith, Gawain am I whose buffet befalls you, what'er betide after, and at this time twelvemonth take from you another with what weapon you will, and with no man else alive." ( Norton p. 210 ) In this statement Gawain not only asserts himself but also makes sure that if he kills the Green Knight with his blow, no one shall take his place. Satisfied with that answer, the Green Knight reminds Sir Gawain that he must find him on his own, as promised before the court. However when Gawain asks the Green Knight where his home could be found, the Green Knight delays his answer, saying that Gawain will know soon enough after the blow where to find him. Not finding out the true identity of the Green Knight may be Gawain's first mistake. It is always important to know your enemies, especially when a very big, very green knight, who comes out of nowhere, presents one with a challenge. Having resolved the terms of the agreement, the Green Knight gets ready for the blow by kneeling down and moving his long green hair away from his neck. Gawain skillfully grips the ax and strikes the Green Knight with all his might, cutting through the flesh with such force that the blade ends up in the ground.

Anne Sexton’s Cinderella: An Analysis Essay

We’ve always read or been read fairy tales once in our lives, and how do they always end? Yes, happily ever after. In Anne Sexton’s â€Å"Cinderella†, she shakes up the traditional fairy tale, by adding her own tale. She uses sarcasm to finish the tale, causing the reader’s expectation of a happy ending and a traditional fairy tale to disappear. In doing so, she depicts the difference between the fairy tale and reality world. With Sexton’s harsh words of reality, she breaks the dreams of the readers seeking a traditional fairy tale. The use of Sexton’s sarcastic tone foreshadows what is to come in the poem. The line â€Å"That story† (Line 5), which is repeated numerous times throughout the poem, makes the readers think of the original Cinderella fairytale. Perhaps along with this, by stating â€Å"That story† throughout the poem, she is trying to remind us how every fairy tale is the same. It always goes something like this: poor girl meets prince†¦and POOF! They live happily ever after! Now, when is life ever that easy? By adding her own anecdote, Sexton is depicting to the readers a more realistic fairy tale. Sexton uses irony through her sarcasm as well. Perhaps, it changes the reader’s views on the classical fairy tale. Cinderella is described as, â€Å"Cinderella was their maid. / She slept on the sooty hearth each night / and walked around looking like Al Jolson† (Line 30-32). Al Jolson who was a white man, who impersonated a black man, is compared to Cinderella. However, dressing up as a black man was Jolson’s choice, and being their maid dressed in grime was not Cinderella’s. Another example of ironic imagery in Sexton’s poem is actual my favorite lines in the poem. â€Å"The eldest went into a room to try the slipper on / but her big toe got in the way so she simply / sliced it off and put on the slipper. / The prince rode away with her until the white dove / told him to look at the blood pouring forth. / That is the way with amputations. / They don’t just heal up like a wish† (Lines 81-86). Perhaps Sexton is trying to show the readers how life never goes like a fairy tale. We do not get a fairy godmother to grant us our one simple wish. We must fight for everything that we want to have in our hands. With the use of her sarcasm,  Sexton, depicts to the reader how far the stepsister went to achieve her happily ever after ending. After reading this poem, the reader’s expectations may change through Sexton’s use of sarcasm. â€Å"Cinderella and the prince / lived, they say, happily ever after, / like two dolls in a museum case / never bothered by diapers or dust, / never arguing over the timing of an egg† (Line 100-104), from these lines, Sexton is in fact changing her fairy tale into a myth, making Cinderella and the prince just a portraits hung on the wall. By her use of sarcasm, Sexton is depicting for the readers how the fairy tale ending is in fact not reality. Just because Cinderella marries the prince does not necessary mean that they will live happily ever. If a person runs off and gets married, it never turns out quite like a fairy tale. Through Sexton’s poem, the reader can receive the message of the happily ever concept, for we begin to realize that life is just never that easy and never runs a long, smooth road. Sexton uses sarcasm as well as her own anecdotes to foreshadow the ending of the poem. On top of this, she always uses ironic imagery and also changes the reader’s view on the classic fairy tale ending. Through her own remake of â€Å"Cinderella†, Sexton successfully proves to us that fairy tales do not exist in reality. Sexton is sending out the message to have realistic dreams and not sit at home just waiting for a prince charming to pull up in the pumpkin carriage.

The Effects Of Violent Video Games On Adolescents

The Impact of Violent Video Games on Adolescents Jessica Fentress University of the Cumberlands Abstract Violence in association with video games has been a debate that has been circulating for some time now. In light of the onslaught of recent public shootings, most shooters being adolescent males, research is resurfacing once again posing the question, â€Å"Do violent video games influence or cause extreme aggressive behavior and cognition?† The research suggests that while violent video games may stimulate internal arousal, there is no evidence to support the theory that violent video games actually cause or provoke adolescents to commit violent crimes. Around 90% of children in the United States play video games. 80 % of video game sales are violent games. Juvenile crime and arrest rates have declined 48% since 1996 indicating that violent video games do not prompt adolescents to commit violent crimes. Video games are considered among the top forms of entertainment for youth in America. An estimated 90% of adolescents play video games, spending approximately 2 hours per day, sometimes more digitally interacting with the world around them (Prot, McDonald, Anderson, Gentile, 2012). The top selling video game titles are ones with concentrated violence and many times first person shooters such as the Call of Duty series. Because of their growing popularity, and the violent crimes that have been directly associated with them, video games have become a particularShow MoreRelatedViolent Video Games and Their Effects on Adolescents794 Words   |  3 Pages2012, U.S. video game software sales reached $6.7 billion (174.8 million units) and computer game sales were $380 million (13.2 million units)† (Improving Economy). To many, the violent video game industry has turned all adolescents into mass murderers. However, they’re absolutely wrong. Very seldom do adolescents who play v iolent video games commit acts of violence, and the ones who do usually have a mental disorder. Instead of blaming the tragedies that occur on violent video games, the news mediaRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children And Adolescents Essay1325 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the hottest issues in the media in the past decade is violence in video games and how violent video games influence aggressive and violent behavior in children and adolescents. Some psychologists believe violent video games influence violent behavior in children through social learning and modeling behaviors after characters in video games that â€Å"glorify† violence and criminals (Schultz Schultz, 2013, p. 331). Other psychologists argue that other factors, such as poor socioeconomic statusRead MoreThe Effects of Violent Video Games on the Behavior of Adolescents and Young People792 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Violent Video Games Introduction The debate about violent video games and whether or not those games influence the behavior of young people in particular, young boys has been going on for many years. There is no doubt that video games are very popular among pre-adolescents and adolescents. In fact, recent research in the New Hampshire Business Review (June, 2012) shows that 42% of the 300 boys that participated in a survey indicated they would rather play video games than play sports with otherRead MoreViolent Video Games : Positive And Negative Effects On Children And Adolescents774 Words   |  4 Pagesgaming systems, violent video games have become well-liked by children and adolescents. The playing of violent video games has always been a controversial topic, but in recent years it has become a heated debate. Whether the playing of these games desensitize the player or not. Video games have been around since the late 1970s, however violent video games were introduced in the 1990s. In recent years the violence i n games have increased along with the enhanced graphics making the games more realisticRead MoreThe Effects of Violent Video Games Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pages Since violent video games, like Mortal Kombat, were created, adolescents who play these games become more aggressive than before. To me, playing violent video games is unsafe for these people since they have the negative influence on these people. I believe that researching on that topic would help us get the sense of what problems to avoid. I wish to know what are the possible effects of violent video games on adolescents’ aggression. The independent variable is violent video games, and theRead MoreViolent Video Games Essay889 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å" Video game violence has become a highly politicized issue for scientists and the general public † ( Ferguson, 2007 p309). The video game is always controversial as some of them contain sexual and violence and so on. Especially some violence games were played by the adolescents. Adolescents are very fragility. Violent video games are negative for the children which will impact their social relationship, their health and make them has aggressive behavior. First violent video games will impactRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Adolescents844 Words   |  4 Pages With all of the effects of violent video games leaning more towards the negatives, better regulation is required to keep out of adolescents’ hands. In order to keep violent video games from adolescents reach, a detailed and eye-catching label put across the game covers will be beneficial to the problem. By applying this to all video games that fit into the description of violent video games, parents will be more aware of the effect of video games on adolescents as well as be easier to read and beRead MoreViolent Media And Its Impact On Aggression1544 Words   |  7 PagesViolent Media and Its Impact On Aggression In Adolescence In recent trends, adolescents in the United States are now experiencing an explosive rise in the usage of technology. There have been many technological advances since the 20th century such as the invention of the Internet, cellular devices, and other screens. However, the new generation of adolescents in America; the â€Å"millennials,† are the ones living through and experiencing this new economy and lifestyle. Millennials and many other youngRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children902 Words   |  4 PagesThe lives of adolescents consist of indulging themselves with some form of an activity that occupies their restless minds. Violent video games are a conflict in modern day society because children are witnessing harsh behaviors that are conditioning them to believe it is acceptable to commit these actions displayed before their eyes. There are many health effects that are involved with participating in these products of entertainment such as an increase in aggression, poor social skills and the formationRead MoreThe Effects Of Playing Video Games On Adolescents1554 Words   |  7 PagesNovember 2016 Adolescents Playing Video Games An Issue Analysis Essay Introduction: Are there people who have never played video games at least once in their adolescence? You might recall some happy memories of playing video games with your best friends or that your parents punished you because you spent a lot of time playing video games. Most school teachers and parents are apt to think that playing video games in adolescence might only have negative impacts on adolescents. Playing video games is considered

Impact of External Macro Level Factors on Social...

Funder Mifflin Inc. Internal Memorandum Funder Mifflin Inc. Level 6, Juvenile House, 12 Independent Street, Adelaide Telephone: (07) 239-78-577 Facsimile: 323-7895 Date of Memo: 11th September 2012 To: The Manager, John Atkins From: Rudolf Kevin Subject: Impact of External Macro level Factors on Social Networking Industry Macro Level Environment Factors Macro environment factors are uncontrollable external forces that affect the normal operation of a business. These external and uncontrollable factors influence organizations decision making as well as performance and strategies (Weon Eunkyu, 2010). In addition, these factors often require changes in operating, management, production, as well as marketing strategies. These factors range from economic, demographic, legal, political, social conditions, technological changes as well as natural occurrences. Examples of the macro environment include competitors, changes in interest rates, changes in cultural preferences, and government regulations. These factors are always categorized using the acronyms PEST or PESTEL; standing for political, economic, social, and technological concerns and also includes environmental and legal factors. PEST Analysis Political There are several political factors that may affect business operations. These factors include taxation policies, government-issued safety regulations, the availability of government contracts, and shifts in the controlling political party. Other factorsShow MoreRelatedEnvironmental Analysis And Setting Strategic Goals1660 Words   |  7 Pagesconcern them, and more so, during the planning process. Diverse but overlapping environments ought to be monitored; the macro environment, the industrial environment, the competitive environment, and the organization’s internal environment (Ginter, 2013; Pfeiffer, 1986). At Rapha AL, my chosen organization, the environmental scanning will include distinct internal and external factors that would enable Rapha gain excellent understanding of the current and emerging issues that might affect it, and inspireRead MoreExternal Factors And The Business Model1480 Words   |  6 PagesExternal Factors and the Business Model To build a successful business model, the organization must analyze the business environment for external forces. Osterwalder and Pigneur (2010) discuss the importance of identifying the external factors in the business environment; the organization must be able to adapt the business model to the changing environment. External factors of demand play a critical role in developing a business model, an organization must quickly identify external threats andRead MoreStrategy Analysis : Facebook On Campus Website2333 Words   |  10 PagesOF FACEBOOK 1. 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Originally founded as a pulp mill ,and current focuses on large-scale telecommunication infra structures,and technology development and licensing.Nokia is also a major contrtibuter to the mobile telephony industry,having assisted in the development of the GSM and LTE standards ,and was,for a period ,the largest v endor of mobile phones in the world.Nokia’s dominance also extended into the smart phone industry through its Symbian platformRead MoreProduct Description, Current Market Condition And Analysis1760 Words   |  8 Pagesvehicles. Macro Environment (http://www.oxlearn.com/arg_Marketing-Resources-PESTLE---Macro-Environmental-Analysis_11_31) Macro environment include PESTLE analysis is the component which helps in scanning the businesses external macro environment. PESTLE stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental. Technological factor has the direct impact on the product as with the advancement of technology many changes have taken place in the different industries. As LitelokRead MoreEssay about Competitive Analysis for Cisco in China5180 Words   |  21 PagesIntroduction 5 Macro Environment Analysis (PESTEL Analysis) 5 Political Factors: 6 Economical Factors: 6 Societal Factors: 7 Technological Factors: 7 Legal Factors: 8 Micro Environment Analysis (VRIO Analysis) 8 Analysis of Competitive Environment 11 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis to the industry 11 Threat of New Entrants: 12 The Bargaining Power of Buyers: 12 Bargaining Power of Suppliers: 13 Threat of Substitute Products: 13 Rivalry among Existing Firms in the Industry: 13 Porters DiamondRead MoreCoca Cola And The Global Market990 Words   |  4 Pagesfor a long time the name Coke is a drink a couple of people around the world for over 128 years, from the drinks available from the local pharmacy in the city of Atlanta. 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Bilingual Education Does NOT Assimilate Non-English...

Bilingual Education Does NOT Assimilate Non-English Speaking Students Lo siento seà ±or. No he aprendido hablar inglà ©s. No puedo ayudarlo. (Im sorry Sir. I didnt learn to speak English. I cant help you.) When visiting McDonalds and having a non-English speaking person taking your order, one becomes frustrated with the lack of appreciation for learning English. Today, schools in Arizona no longer have true bilingual education classes; they have almost all Spanish instruction with limited English instruction. From the time bilingual education for Spanish was instituted in 1973, it has been ineffective in assimilating non-English speaking students into the English-speaking American society. The bilingual education programs†¦show more content†¦Bilingual education is to be thought of as no more than a transitional bridge to assimilation (Duignan). Bilingual education was formed so the majority of time English would be the language taught in and the native tongue of the students would be limited. Using this method, the students learn English faster and can work with the rest of their English speaking peers. If the two amounts of languages are switched so that there is mostly Spanish and limited English, then the learning would go at a slower pace. English is needed here in America and keeping these children from learning it just hurts them. If English is learned at a slower pace, it will not be learned to the proficiency that is needed. When youre talking about language, English is essential for success in this country (Ferraro) A third reason why the bilingual education system in place now isnt doing its job, is that there are many students who abuse the system too easily and they get away with it. Bilingual educators were accused of disregarding such developments; they often admitted children who were proficient in English to bilingual programs and kept them there too long. A U.S. Office of Education ­sponsored investigation of thirty-eight bilingual projects for Hispanic Americans judged that about 70 percent of the pupils involved used English rather than Spanish for the purpose of taking tests. (Duignan) These children stay in the bilingual classes because theyShow MoreRelatedReceived Pronunciation: Historical Background and Application17580 Words   |  71 PagesARTSAKH STATE UNIVERSITY English Language Department A Thesis to Acquire Master’s Degree Received Pronunciation: Historical Background and Application Performer: Hamest Mkrtchyan Superviser: Narine Hairiyan Stepanakert 2010 Contents Introduction Chapter I. 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Resesarch Free Essays

string(69) " management activities were incorporated in financing for its mines\." CASE: American Barrick Resources Corporation : Managing Gold Price Risk 1. In the absence of a hedging program using financial instruments, how sensitive would Barrick stock be to gold price changes? For every 1% change in gold prices, how might its stock be affected? How could the firm manage its gold price exposure without the use of financial contracts? Particulars for yr 1992($ million)| | Pretax earnings (Exhibit 2)| 223| Reductions in earning of gold sold at spot (1280mn oz x (422-345) (Exhibit 12)| (99)| Proforma Pretax Earnings| 124| Taxes @ 21% (Exhibit 2) | (26)| After Tax Earnings| 98| Thus in absence of risk management program the American Barrick stock would be more sensitive to gold price changes. This could also be observed from Exhibit 4 where the return on Barrick’s stock is continuously increasing as compared to other unstable major stocks in gold mining sector. We will write a custom essay sample on Resesarch or any similar topic only for you Order Now Elasticity of Earnings Profit for 1% change in Gold Price 1% change in gold price ($345)| $3. 45| Number of ounces| $1,280m| Additional pre-tax profits| $4. 4m| Additional after-tax profits| $4. 4 x (1-. 1) = $3. 5mn| Additional profits as % of earnings| 3. 5/98 = 3. 5% (approx)| Cash Flow = Earnings + Noncash charges| 98mn + 69mn = $167mn| Additional profits as % of cash flow| 3. 5/167 = 2. 1%| Thus with 1% change in gold price the earnings of Barrick would change by 3. 5%. The firm can manage its gold price exposure in following three ways: 1. Diversifying its business 2. Hedging against the gold price risk 3. Insuring against the gold price risk Hedging involves entering into financial contracts and so does insuring against the gold price risk. Thus without being involved in any financial contracts Barrick can reduce its gold price exposure only by diversifying its business. 2. What is the stated intent of ABX’s hedging program? What should be the goal of a gold mine’s price risk management program? Stated intent American Barrick Resources Corporation is one the most financially successful gold-mining concerns in the world. The main stated intent of ABX’s hedging program was to profit handsomely even during a downtime, when gold prices are falling. The hedging position had allowed ABX to sell its commodity output at prices well above market rates. The main motive of the hedging program was to profit and gain an advantage over its competitors by hedging, at a time when the prices of gold were low and also interest rates were falling. Thus, the main intent of the hedging program was to position the organization as a low- cost commodity producer, willing to sacrifice potential profits from gold price peaks in order to level out potential losses in the future. Goal of a gold mine’s price risk management program The primary goal of a gold mine’s risk management program is to hedge the risk of falling gold prices and low interest rates, to ensure the minimum sale price of gold even when prices are declining. One of the main goal is to achieve financial stability. The risk management programs motive is to hedge risk in order to plan the future cash flows with certainty. Also, at a time, when an organization has immense production initially itself, the risk management program enables the firm to earn a predictable, rising earnings profile in the future inspite of rising production. Thus , the intent of the risk management program is to hedge the risk in such a manner, that its production decisions are not affected by the market price of gold. 3. What would convince you that a price risk management program created value for its shareholders ex ante? The American Barrick Resources Corporation, had since its inception a strategy of efficient risk management system to protect or hedge itself from the fluctuations in the Gold prices. The various risk management system coupled with favourable circumstances and opportunities of price locking, rendered an overall strong balance sheet for American Barrick. They were able to attract investors who shied away from gold mine investments due to price risk, due to the efficiency in hedging mechanism. In 1992, American Barrick produced and sold over 1. 28 Million Ounces of gold at a price of $422 instead of $345 market rate, as a result of the risk management program. Such benefits would lead to higher revenues, and thus higher profits and in turn render higher value for the shareholders. The organisation guidelines clearly specifed that the risk managemnt system should be such that they are fully protected against price declines for 3yrs and 20-25% for a decade. Thus such a mechanism helped create value for the shareholders as the profits of a Gold mine are dependent on fluctuation in gold prices and the difference between revenue and costs. Thus locking future prices, provided financial stability, enabling the organisation to avoids dips, and plan cash flows in a confident way, and in combination with the rising production, offered investors and shareholders a predictable , rising earnings profile in the future 1. How would you characterize the evolution of Barrick’s price risk management activities? Are they consistent with the stated policy goals? As a producer of commodity products, gold mining firms had virtually no marketing or distribution costs. There was always a ready market for their products, at market prices, once extracted from the earth refined. Therefore a gold mine’s profits were a function of the quantity of its production the difference between the prices at which it sold its output its costs. To minimize the price risk, hedging is necessary. Being conservative in nature, company has maintained lower leverage. As per stated policy goals of company, Gold Hedging program gives American Barrick extraordinary financial stability. It protects shareholder’s wealth from the dip in gold prices. American Barrick’s hedging program evolved over history and used a wide range of tools to manage gold price risk. With gold financing, forward sales, options strategies spot deferred contracts, company shed some of its price risk while maintaining flexibility to profit from rising gold prices. a. Gold Financing: In early days, Company’s gold price management activities were incorporated in financing for its mines. You read "Resesarch" in category "Papers" Company made its growth organically as well as inorganically. Almost every year, company madeacquisition of 1 gold mine company. For financing such acquisition, company used following tools Gold Trust: Paying specific percentage of gold production as return to investors Bullion Loan: Bank gives loan in gold form, company need to pay interest in gold terms only. Collateral is reserves company owns Limitations: Limited scope. b. Forward Sales: Production at Gold mine is highly inelastic in nature. ie Its not easy for the company to change the production in tune with the highly fluctuating demand, market prices. To avoid price risk, American Barricks used Forward Sales as tool by which company can lock in prices for future dates. Forward Sales are usually for relatively short delivery periods of under a few years. Normally forward sellers receive a premium (approx. 5%)above the current gold prices ensuring a guaranteed return of 5% for forward sellers. Limitations: Forward sale mitigates downside risk but also its ability to benefit if price rose. c. Options Warrants: Hedging using Forward sales eliminated downside risk for the American Barricks but also its ability to benefit if price rose. To resolve this issue, from 1987 company started using Options and warrants. This allows company to hedge from downside risk and retain some benefits of rising prices. Board of American Barricks were ready to use options but in costless manner. Collars strategy: Simultaneously buying Put Option writing Call Options on gold. Premiums and maturity of both call and put option is maintained same. This strategy ensured a price range for the gold in future giving opportunity to the company to get benefits from rising gold prices as well as downside protection if price dips. Limitation: Market for such options were liquid only for contracts with maturities under 2 years. This horizon was far shorter than 20 years of expected production currently in reserve. d. Spot Deferred Contracts: This tool gives additional feature to standard forward sale. In forward sale, the delivery date is fixed. In SDC there are multiple delivery dates. Seller chooses at which date he will pay gold. Forward price is decided at each roll over date depending upon current market price plus prevailing contango premium. ( SDC will be explained in detail in Q6. ) So during 10 years, American Barricks moved solely from getting gold financing, lock in future prices to getting strategic benefit due to inherent strengths of American Barricks over competitors using tools like Spot Deferred Contracts. 5. How should a gold mine which wants to moderate its gold price risk compare hedging strategies (using futures, forwards, gold loans, or spot deferred contracts) with insurance strategies (using options)? On what basis should these decisions be made? Once a firm has decided on either a hedging or an insurance strategy, how should it choose from among specific alternatives? One can characterize risk management strategies as either linear, hedging strategies (which eliminate all exposure to price fluctuations) or nonlinear, insurance strategies (which protect firms against falling gold prices only. ) Choices among instruments are determined by their relative costs (including transaction costs), interim liquidity requirements, accounting and tax implications, and the ability to customize the contract terms. For example, gold mining firms tend to use forward sales instead of futures contracts, at least in part to avoid the cash margin calls which futures transactions might entail. As another example, mining firms’ preferences for spot deferred contracts over them functionally equivalent strategy of rolling forward contracts seems to be related to their relatively attractive accounting treatment. Distinguishing linear and nonlinear strategies becomes more difficult with dynamic trading. Suppose we observe a firm only selling gold forward. By a static measure, we would conclude that it was hedging. However, as is well known, through dynamic replication, a trader can create a put option by adjusting the amount of gold sold forward. Specifically, as the gold price falls, a dynamic replication strategy would have the firm short-sell more gold. Thus, distinguishing hedging from insurance strategies requires an analysis of the changes in a firm’s equivalent short position (or delta-percentage) relative to changes in the price of gold. The sensitivity of cash flows and investment costs relative to changes in the underlying macro-variable are equal. If the sensitivities are equal, linear or hedging strategies will be optimal, otherwise firms would prefer to use non linear or option strategies. It is not apparent how to measure the degree to which mines face quantity risk. Firms facing borrowing constraints and that facing higher price risk might be more active users of options. Borrowing constraints might be more severe among firms with high operating costs, small market values, or small reserves; bankers might be reluctant to lend to high-cost producers that may be forced to shut-in production and to smaller firms with less collateral. It is reasonable to suspect that price risk might be more pronounced among mines with higher production costs. Firms with higher cash costs and those with smaller market values and reserves might be more likely to use options or price-contingent nonlinear strategies. 6. What is a â€Å"spot deferred contract? † Why has ABX chosen to rely on spot deferred contracts relative to other gold derivatives? Spot deferred Contract (SDC) is used by gold producers to hedge gold price exposure. It is a type of forward contract which has multiple delivery dates with the final one being 5 or 10 years after the initiation of the contract. The seller of SDC has the right to choose on which of the rollover date he will deliver the gold and can defer the delivery date till the end of the contract. Therefore spot deferred contract gives the right to the seller to choose the delivery date but has to deliver the quantity of gold specified in the contract. American Barrick entered into SDC with 1-year delivery or rollover dates where prices were set only for the first rollover date. On the rollover date, American Barrick could deliver the contract if forward prices were higher than spot prices or could roll the contract for the next period and sell the gold in the spot market. American Barrick chose to rely more on spot deferred contracts relative to other gold derivatives because of the following reasons: 1) Initially American Barrick entered into contracts for delivery within 3 to 4 years. Later on its bargaining power increased because of its large reserve base and strong financial position which made them negotiate agreements giving them 10 years within which to make delivery. 2) SDC was a way to profit from increase in price of gold yet set a minimum price on its sales of gold. How to cite Resesarch, Papers

Indian Journal Of Science And Technology †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Indian Journal Of Science And Technology? Answer: Inttroducation Passing of ideas from one person to another can be done by the use of an image. Objects and signs have a physical similarity, which is put across by the iconic relationship. The sign, being anything in one way or other, stands for something else in respect to capacity and make meaning. The perpetual resemblance can also be signified by the icons enhancing fast recognition of the objects such as the image of a smiley face which represents a human being (Rajendran and Kumar, 2015). The black image outline of a gorilla and a human-like shape is a distinct representation of a gorilla and a boy. The gorilla seems to be walking together with the kid to an unknown destination. The artist appears to suggest that the gorilla famously known as harambe is a friendly animal and had no ill intentions towards the boy. Cause and its effect comprise the index. A sign as cause and the force for an object, therefore, forming the symbol object relationship (Nack, Scherp and Neuhas, 2014). The indexical sign has a connection to the actual object. An example is a shadow that is directly under your feet is a sign of the sun being directly over your head. The burnt sienna color in the horizon below the image of the soldiers is a phenomenon widely associated with the sunrise. The artist intends to show the rise of a new era where human beings and animals can live nearby and in harmony. For meaning, a signifier is used to symbolize the signified. The signifier and the signified have no resemblance. The signifier can be informed of words, and the signified are objects (Kapitny and Kapitny, 2015). The signifier from the image is the pictures of soldiers used. Harambe is dressed as one of the troops in the photograph. Soldiers are used to symbolizing prestige in a country and can be used to refer to self-discipline. The artist seems to have the intentions of portraying harambe as a form of influence for his country as he was 17 years old which implicated wildlife heritage and people paid to get to the zoo to watch him before he was shot dead by the zookeeper. Construction of meaning from image A Ronald Barthes theory uses denotation and connotation to bring out the relationship between signifier and the signified. A denoted level of meaning is the association of a sign and the literal meaning of words and other phenomena. Sings are associated with the first meaning of words. However, further meanings can also be linked to the sign. The image of a gorilla at the forefront of the soldiers means that the gorilla, being a soldier in the photograph and position at the front is a leader. The image shows that harambe earned a place of honor in his country after his death because his photograph is among those of soldiers signifying fallen soldiers. Connotation Cultural and historical knowledge or experience is the basis of connotative interpretation, and further meanings of words are derived (Ashley, 2015). Personal associations such as ideas are given meaning by being attached to words. The presence of soldiers in the cloud can be given a connotative meaning. Clouds have a spiritual meaning that indicates bad luck. The dark clouds also show a stormy weather. The soldiers whose faces appear in the dark clouds portray a signification of having undergone hardship in the line of their duty for a good course. Harambes head is among the soldiers and indicates dark lack on his part as his intentions towards the young boy were not apparently known to be ill. References Rajendran, V., Kumar, G. B. (2015). Text Processing for Developing Unrestricted Tamil Text to Speech Synthesis System. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 8(29). Nack, F., Scherp, A., Neuhaus, C. (2014, June). Semiotic Tagging: Enriching the Semantics of Tags for Improved Image Retrieval. In Semantic Computing (ICSC), 2014 IEEE International Conference on (pp. 7-14). IEEE. Ashley, L. (2015). Illuminating cultural terrains in dance: A symbiotic approach to analysis and interpretation. Te Kaharoa, 8(1). Kapitny, , Kapitny, G. (2015). The semiotic dimensions of vertical social (self) classification. Semiotica, 2015(205), 243-260.