Advocate general short notes Essay

Today human rights are central to the discourse of International Public Policy and Scholarship. And the mechanisms have evolved dramatically since the signing of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) on 10 December 1948. Human Rights do not exist in a vacuum, inevitably, they are formulated by individuals and state and they are implemented by states themselves. However, a number of national, regional and international bodies exercise responsibility for overseeing the monitoring of human rights and ensuring that states comply with obligation. The Constitution of India was drafted by the Constituent Assembly on 9th December, 1946 and after long discussions and debates by the foremost legal luminaries and thinkers of our country the draft Constitution was finally adopted on 26th November, 1949. The framers of the Indian Constitution were influenced by the concept of human rights and guaranteed most of human rights contained in the UDHR. The UDHR contains Civil and Political as well as Economic Social and Cultural rights. While Civil and Political rights has been incorporated in Part III of Indian Constitution i. e. Fundamental Rights, as Economic Social and Cultural rights have been incorporated in Part IV of the Constitution i. e. Directive Principles of States Policy. The inclusion of important provisions of UDHR in the Constitution of India has given them supremacy over all other statutory provisions. The table shows that many of Civil and Political rights enshrined in the UDHR also find mentioned in Part III of Indian Constitution as Fundamental Rights. However, these are certain rights which are contained in the UDHR but have not been expressly mentioned in the Constitution. These rights are; Â · No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (Article5). Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law (Article 6). Â · Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him (Article 10) Â · Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defense [Article11. (1)]Â · No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, or to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks (Article 12. ) Â · Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country [Article13. (2)] Â · Everyone has the right to a nationality [Article 15. (1)] Â · Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution [Article 16. (1)] Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives [Article 21. (1)] Article 21 of the Indian Constitution is of widest amplitude and several unremunerated rights fall within it. These rights are: Right to go abroad

Productive assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Productive assessment - Essay Example As a result he was able to see the different features and benefits that each product had to offer. Consequently, he could deduce the marketing rationale of why a certain model was more or less than another and what features one could expect to find on the model in the lower, median, and high end price ranges. Dee Fink of the Oklahoma Instructional Development Program labels this approach â€Å"Doing† because Donald’s exposure to the products permits him to categorize them and create an appropriate hierarchy in his mind from which to delineate a value for each product that he can understand and remember. Dr. Charles Bonwell conducts Active Learning workshops where he helps school teachers learn this technique. According to Dr. Bonwell, the purpose of his workshops is to train instructors to move away from the classical approach of relying almost exclusively on the lecture as the primary learning tool to moving into an environment where the student participates directly i n all aspects of his/her learning experience.

Role of Women in Aviation Industry in the context of Gulf Arab Coursework

Role of Women in Aviation Industry in the context of Gulf Arab Countries - Coursework Example Doumato and Marsha claim that entry of women into economic and political arena has presented women as leaders. Their bid to do so cannot be simply termed simple since it has taken so much effort due to resistance from men. However, women leadership in the developed world has proved to be as effective as that of men. In some cases as a matter of fact, women have been deemed to be more effective leaders than men. Over and above this, women entry into the corporate world has pointed out the actual potential that women possess. Several aspects have presented women as corporate role models, thereby empowering other women. Just like it is the case with women who have already made a successful entry into the GCC aviation industry, women in developed countries play a significant role of empowering other women by acting as their role model in a bid to raise their social status. In comparison to the women context in developed world, GCC women are yet to match up the trend especially in corporate career development like in the aviation industry for example. El Baz notes that patriarchal laws and social customs continue to foster one of the world's most restrictive environments for women. This is not the case in developed world or rather in most other international environment around the world. Restricted civil liberties in the GCC have left women being deemed inferior to men in almost every aspect of life. Women activists are persistently advocating for equal opportunity between men and women in the GCC.

Article Abstract 03 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Article Abstract 03 - Essay Example Selecting margin of victory as a determinant in deciphering fan satisfaction is considered as an important factor of the study which revealed negative value. The negative shows increase in the fan rating. The study had been focused upon measuring post-game fan satisfaction through ratings which is considered as an informal procedure in conducting the study. Many fans have different views regarding a match and these views can change if their team wins or loses a match. A match that has been won by a team which is supported by a fan would give highest ratings, whereas, the ratings from an opposite team fan would give alternate ratings which will create biasness. Therefore, a more precise and accurate procedure must have been adopted. The most important factor that has been missed out by authors is the inclusion of big players playing in the team at the time. After all, fans come out to watch their favorite players in the team and if those players are not included then it will engage less audience and create low

Social Costs of Ethanol Production Research Proposal

Social Costs of Ethanol Production - Research Proposal Example Experiments prove that ethanol results in lesser pollution risk to potable water. (Ethanol As A transportation Fuel, n.d.) However, in spite of so many advantages, ethanol production has some global implications, too. The shift towards biofuels is a threat to forests and biodiversity, the increase in food prices, along with the competition for water resources as a negative impact of the use of biofuels. Therefore, a research can be designed that can assess the consumer awareness in USA and the people's attitude towards the social cost of ethanol production. In order to do any research, one needs to develop research methods. It comprises a variety of planned and scientific techniques that are value neutral. It is designed to maximise the accuracy of results. First and foremost thing required for an effective research is a proper representative of the researched population through effective sampling, in order to ensure that it is the proper representation of the population under study. (What Are Research Methods, April 2008) Methodology also involves what type of information and data to gather, and the choice of information along with other methodological choices. The proposed research is an inductive one, where generalisation can be made based on the response of the sample. It is also going to be a cross sectional survey, where the response of population would be made on a single time frame. (What is Methodology, n.d.) The proposed research is based on questionnaire and interview that will help in the proper response. The research is intended to measure awareness amongst a group of people from varying educational background, age, income, household location, gender, etc. Before commencing on the final research, a pilot study is intended to eradicate any flaws in the questionnaire, interview techniques or variable selection. Sampling The population being Unites States of America, sample should be designed such that there is proper representation from all regions. So, it is better to stratify the population so that every region is represented through the sample. However, it is not feasible to represent each and every state in the sampling frame, therefore, it is better to choose thousand people from the most populated states of USA. The respondents will be chosen from the registered voters, according to the variables used in the research. The type of sampling that will be effective is area random sampling or cluster sampling. First the population will be divided into clusters representing each geographical boundary. Then, the randomly clusters will be selected accordingly, in order to measure all the units within the sampled clusters. Once this is selected, the sample will be interviewed on the basis of the questionnaire, and if it is not possible to interview, they will me mailed the questionnaire, which they will fill up and data will be analysed quantitatively and qualitatively, based on the answers. (Probability Sampling, October 2006) Variables For sample selection, a number of variables will be used. The first variable for data analysis is the gender, whether male or female, age and travel patterns. Age will categorised as 18-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70, 71-80 and above 80 years of age. The traveling pattern

Business, government and society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Business, government and society - Essay Example In the global context, the use of genetically modified crops has increased tremendously since its first commercial plantings in the late 1990s. By the end of 2012, the study has shown that around 12% of the world’s arable is being used for growing genetically modified crops (Baker and Burnham, 2001). The US government has even embraced the use of biotechnology for the purpose of developing a food system as the ‘silver bullet’. The global population has already crossed 6 billion and experts predict that the figure will actually double in the next 50 years. Therefore ensuring an adequate food supply is the foremost activity and is probably going to become one of the global challenges. As a result of that it is not only adjudged as the way to help farmers earn handsome profit, but at the same time this is the only feasible way to feed the growing global population. However, despite of its growing importance and high acceptance the industry is characterized by immense turbulence. According to a number of publications, genetically modified foods negatively impacts human body and hence can be a reason for various diseases. Echoing the same another set of scholars has highlighted in the fact that genetically modified foods hardly have any nutritional value and therefore has minimal ability to proffer the required nutritional benefits. Ironically, few authors claim that the significance of genetically modified food in the nutritional health of a human being is subject of debate. According to them, genetically modified foods are contemporary and so new that drawing a conclusion about how it actually impacts the human body is not possible (Caswell and Mojduszka, 1996). One of the evident negative factors from the business context is that the process is expensive and thus farmers or the end consumers often need to pay much higher prices (Christensen, 2003). Inadequate knowledge and awareness among the farmers is also a cause of concern for the growth o f this industry. Therefore from an overall discussion and analysis of the facts, it seems that with proper management, proper treatment of seeds, adequate investment and support from the government of respective countries, the genetically modified food industry could well stand out as one of the most vibrant industries of the world and can act as a solution for the future towards managing the food demand (Moore, 2001). This report seeks to throw light on the emergence and development of this industry in relationship with technological

Corporate conflict and analyze the legal case Research Paper

Corporate conflict and analyze the legal case - Research Paper Example The key factor that denies the organization an appeal is its own guilty plea regarding the environmental crimes it had been charged with. Secondly, the organization opted for an administrative Consent Agreement and Final Order (CAFO) as a way of getting a resolution to the violations. Among the limited conditions under which the courts can accept the withdrawal of a guilty plea is if it is presented before the judges have accepted the plea, and that is usually in the pre-sentence scenario (Weaver, 2001). It could also be accepted before defendants have been sentenced. Further, Walmart cannot show that they were served with obvious injustice because of conditions that existed during the time they were charged with the environmental crimes. The organization was aware of federal laws that required them to determine hazardous waste, prepare its manifest, and handle and dispose it as stipulated but failed to meet those requirements. At the same time, Walmart contracted Greenleaf to recycle its pesticide products, yet Greenleaf lacked the capacity for handling such products, which lead to the release of hazardous substances. Although it is not clear whether or not Walmart of aware of this lack of capacity, it was their legal responsibility to establish whether Greenlea f met all the requirements stipulated by law. This means that Walmart becomes legally responsible for contractors conducting business on its behalf. It can, therefore, be shown that the judgment served was sufficient to hold the organization accountable for its own as well as its contractor’s illegal and irresponsible business conduct that was a threat to the environment and life. Walmart may also not appeal against the ruling because there are no sufficient indications that they are not guilty because of lack of understanding the charges or consequences of pleading guilty. That can be demonstrated by United States v. Spencer, 836 F.2d 236, 239 (6th Cir. 1987). If the lawyers entered the guilty plea